“Today’s cars have increasingly higher requirements for fast storage and processing of massive amounts of data. Automobile manufacturers have been facing pressures such as integrating processing capabilities, ensuring the smooth operation of digital systems, and cost competition. And now, unexpected new trends have emerged. In-vehicle infotainment (IVI, in-vehicle infotainment) system, its fascinating high-resolution screen and functions are more and more like smart phones, and its functions are no longer just for entertainment. Designers integrate the in-vehicle infotainment system with the dashboard to achieve a more critical system that meets the functional safety requirements.
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Author: Michael Burk, Chief Architect of Automotive Infotainment System, Micron Automotive Division
Today’s cars have increasingly higher requirements for fast storage and processing of massive amounts of data. Automobile manufacturers have been facing pressures such as integrating processing capabilities, ensuring the smooth operation of digital systems, and cost competition. And now, unexpected new trends have emerged. In-vehicle infotainment (IVI, in-vehicle infotainment) system, its fascinating high-resolution screen and functions are more and more like smart phones, and its functions are no longer just for entertainment. Designers integrate the in-vehicle infotainment system with the dashboard to achieve a more critical system that meets the functional safety requirements.
With the advent of digital dashboards, new requirements for graphics processing have been created. To meet these requirements, the in-vehicle infotainment system architecture and dashboard are integrated into a common architecture called a domain controller. Such integration can bring multiple benefits, including cost reduction and simplified architecture, thereby accelerating innovation.
The processing platform in the in-vehicle infotainment system already has graphics processing functions, so using it as a general domain controller helps eliminate system redundancy and reduce the total system cost. The graphical interchange function between the in-vehicle infotainment system and the dashboard user interface further enhances the user experience. At the system level, this integration also reduces the complexity of the interface.
The advantages and challenges of integration coexist
Although this integration is beneficial, it is also necessary to consider compliance with functional safety requirements. Certain information in the dashboard is used to remind the driver to pay attention to vehicle functions. Some of the information may have an impact on the safety of the vehicle and passengers, so it needs to meet strict compliance requirements.
Therefore, the domain controller architecture is divided into two domains. The first domain is used for the safety-critical interface of the dashboard, which usually meets the automotive safety integrity level B (ASIL-B) standard. The second domain controls other connections in the vehicle. This domain is separately controlled by the remote communication control unit (TCU) and is generally isolated by a security gateway.
The integrity of safety-critical information is very important. The ISO 26262 compliance requirement level is first established at the system level based on hazard analysis, which will analyze the severity, controllability and exposure of the failure. According to the requirements of ISO 26262, integrators have a variety of options to integrate semiconductor components into their systems, such as: using components with the same ASIL level as the system, performing ASIL decomposition, and performing hardware evaluation of the components.
ASIL rating system
1. Airbag (ASIL-D)
2. Dashboard (ASIL-B)
3. Engine management (ASIL-C to D)
4. Headlight (ASIL-B)
5. Radar cruise control (ASIL-C)
6. Electric power steering (ASIL-D)
7. Visual ADAS (ASIL-B)
8. Active suspension (ASIL-B to C)
9. Anti-lock braking (ASIL-D)
10. Brake light (ASIL-B)
11. Rear view camera (ASIL-B)
ASIL certification covers some key components of the vehicle
In order to obtain ASIL certification, the past practice was to isolate the architecture that supports critical information from other vehicle functions and model it as a deterministic function with high availability. In the early in-vehicle infotainment systems, to allow different components to meet functional safety requirements, integrators needed to adopt “quality management” (QM)-level memory devices. However, as other interfaces such as driver monitoring and Electronic rearview mirrors are integrated into the domain controller, the interaction between the in-vehicle infotainment system and other key vehicle functions has increased. System integrators will face increasing challenges-how to meet the requirements of system functional safety by simply integrating QM memory components.
In order to meet this challenge, when developing memory products, it is necessary to comply with the ISO 26262 standard. In the past, memory products based on DRAM and NAND were restricted to the QM level. The reason may be that customers and integrators did not have demand, or the memory supplier did not develop compliance support. Recognizing this development trend, Micron has launched a series of memory components that have undergone functional safety assessments.
Micron launches industry-leading automotive safety solutions
Based on the in-depth understanding of the automotive market and the important role of memory in safety applications, Micron recently launched the industry-leading automotive functional safety memory series solutions, which are ideal solutions for the next generation of in-vehicle infotainment system applications. Functional safety solutions further demonstrate Micron's 30 years of commitment to providing leading solutions for the automotive market and reflect the company's extensive investment in various fields.
Micron's new automotive LPDDR5 memory is the first product in our extensive automotive-compatible series. It is suitable for any ASIL-level security system and is the best choice for the next generation of domain-based in-vehicle infotainment system applications. Micron's LPDDR5 products are accompanied by a hardware evaluation plan and analysis report, which are evaluated by an independent third-party and industry-recognized consulting company exida. According to the analysis results of exida, the product is suitable for the highest level system, including the most stringent ASIL-D.
The functional safety documentation of this memory product includes not only the delivery materials provided by typical vendors, such as safety analysis reports and safety application instructions, but also hardware evaluation reports developed internally by Micron. This evaluation report provides customers with more detailed information to help them prove that their system complies with the ISO 26262-5 standard. The product and the accompanying hardware evaluation report mark our next milestone towards a broader LPDDR5 product line, which is increasingly supporting functional safety system integration.
In addition, this product is also ahead of similar products in terms of innovative functional safety development: it is the first and only DRAM that contains a unique “safety engine” that can meet ASIL-C for random hardware errors through independent component functions Requirements, and meet the ASIL-D standard with more support from the host system. Compared with the standard JEDEC LPDDR5 solution, Micron's JEDEC compatible security solution enables system integrators to better ensure that DRAM is not affected by system failures, while significantly enhancing failure detection capabilities to improve system performance, power consumption, cost and Availability.
It is worth mentioning that although Micron provides an unparalleled series of memory and security products for the rapidly evolving intelligent edge of vehicles, it is ultimately the responsibility of customers and system integrators to prove that all electronic components are suitable for safety-related systems. It is through system design It is also very important to ensure that any component failure will not affect the safety of people or vehicles.
As a memory solution provider, Micron is in a leading position in product expertise and design data availability, and supports customers in system-level analysis and integration of memory components. By providing the first LPDDR5 memory that meets the ASIL-D standard, Micron's safety optimization products help automotive designers meet the functional safety requirements of in-vehicle infotainment system integration.
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